2024: An Easy way to Learn Cloud Computing Interview Questions

Introduction to Cloud Computing:

Are you making your career in cloud computing? This article provides the latest cloud computing interview questions, which are mostly asked by the interviewer, and you can learn the easy way to crack the interview.

Every organization moves to cloud services, so the cloud’s engineer demand is increasing day by day across industries.

In modern technology infrastructure, cloud computing provides the resources for computer technology like applications, computing, storage, networking, deployment, and business processes. Cloud computing makes it easier to provide standardization and automation over the internet.

Cloud Computing Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What is cloud technology?

Cloud technology is the set of networks, storage, and interfaces that provide the delivery of computing services. It has three users: End-user, Business user management, and cloud service provider. End-users are those who are using cloud services. Business user management provides the data and services of cloud technology to the end user. Cloud service provider maintenance and take care of the services of the IT assets and IT infrastructure. Cloud provides all fulfill requirements which are needs.

2. What are the key features of Cloud Computing?

The following are some of the key features of cloud computing:

• Agility: Helps in quick and inexpensive re-provisioning of resources.
• Location Independence: This means that the resources can be accessed from everywhere.
• Multi-Tenancy: The resources are shared amongst a large group of users.
• Reliability: Resources and computation can be dependable for accessibility.
• Scalability: Dynamic provisioning of data helps in scaling. 

4. What are the different versions of the cloud?

There are two primary deployment models of the cloud: Public and Private. 

• Public Cloud: A public cloud is the set of hardware, networking devices, storage, services, and applications that are operated by a third party or that individuals use. Public clouds are viable because they offer many options for computing, storage, and a rich set of other services.
• Private Cloud: A private cloud is the set of hardware, networking, storage, services, and applications that are operated by an organization for the use of employees and partners. It is a highly controlled infrastructure because of the firewall.
• Hybrid Cloud: The combination of a public cloud and a private cloud is called a hybrid cloud. Most companies use this combination of cloud and clod environments.
• Multi-Cloud: Some companies, in addition, also use a variety of public cloud services to support the different developer and business units—called a multi-cloud environment.

5. What are the main constituents that are part of the cloud ecosystem?

The parts of the cloud ecosystem that determine how you view the cloud architecture are:

• Cloud consumers
• Direct customers
• Cloud service providers

6. Who are the Cloud Consumers in a cloud ecosystem?

Individuals and groups that are in your business use different types of cloud services.

7. Who are the Direct customers in a cloud ecosystem?

Users that are created in a cloud environment and take advantage of services are direct consumers in the cloud ecosystem.

8. Who are the Cloud service providers in a cloud ecosystem?

Cloud service providers are commercial vendors that sell their services to consumers, and commercial vendors also create applications or services for cloud service environments.

Cloud Deployment Models: definition, types, comparisons and examples

Cloud Computing Interview Questions for Experienced

1. What are server-less components in cloud computing?

Server-less components in cloud computing allow the building of applications to take place without the complexity of managing the infrastructure.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of server-less computing?

Server-less computing has the following advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:

• It is cost-effective.
• The operations of server-less computing are simplified.
• Server-less computing helps boost productivity.
• It offers scaling options.
• It involves zero server management.

Disadvantages:

• Server-less code can cause response latency.
• It is not ideal for high-computing operations because of resource limitations.
• For server-less computing, the responsibility of security falls under the service company and not the consumer, which might be more vulnerable.
• Debugging server-less code is a bit more challenging.

3. What are cloud-enabling technologies?

Cloud-enabling technologies are the areas that contribute to modern-day cloud-based systems. Some of the cloud-enabling technologies are:

• Broadband Networks
• Internet Architecture
• Data Center
• Virtualization
• Web Technology

4. What are Microservices?

Microservices is the process of developing applications that consist of code that is independent of each other and of the underlying platform. Each microservice runs a unique process and communicates through well-defined and standardized APIs once created. These services are defined in the form of a catalog so that developers can easily locate the right service and also understand the governance rules for usage.

5. Why are microservices important for a true cloud environment?

The reason why microservices are so important for a true cloud environment is because of these four key benefits:

• Each microservice is built to serve a specific and limited purpose, and hence application development is simplified. Small development teams can then focus on writing code for some of the narrowly defined and easily understood functions.
• Code changes will be smaller and less complex than with a complex integrated application, making it easier and faster to make changes, whether to fix a problem or upgrade services with new requirements.
• Scalability: Scalability makes it easier to deploy an additional instance of a service or change that service as needs evolve.
• Microservices are fully tested and validated. When new applications leverage existing microservices, developers can assume the integrity of the new application without the need for continual testing.

6. What is the cloud usage monitor?

The cloud usage monitor mechanism is an autonomous and lightweight software program that is responsible for collecting and processing the IT resource usage data.

Cloud usage monitors can exist in different formats depending on the type of usage metrics they are designed to collect and how the usage data needs to be collected. The following points describe 3 common agent-based implementation formats.

• Monitoring Agent
• Resource Agent
• Polling Agent

7. How does the Monitoring Agent monitor the cloud usage?

An intermediary and an event-driven program that exists as a service agent and resides along the existing communication paths are monitoring agents.  It transparently monitors and analyzes dataflows. Commonly, the monitoring agent is used to measure network traffic and also message metrics.

8. How does the Resource Agent monitor the cloud usage?

A processing module that is used to collect usage data by having event-driven interactions with the specialized resource software is a resource agent. This agent is applied to check the usage metrics based on pre-defined, observable events at the resource software level, like initiating, suspending, resuming, and vertical scaling.

9. How does the Polling Agent monitor cloud usage?

A processing module that gathers cloud service usage data by polling IT resources is called a polling agent. The polling agent has also been used to timely monitor the IT resource status, like uptime and downtime.
Each of these can be designed to forward collected usage data to a log database for post-processing and reporting purposes.

10. What are cloud-native applications?

‘Cloud native’ is a software framework designed with containers, microservices, dynamic orchestration, and continuous delivery of software. Every part of the cloud-native application has its own container within it and is dynamically orchestrated with other containers to optimize the way the resources are utilized.

11. How does the Cloud Native Computing Foundation define cloud-native applications?

The Cloud Native Computing Foundation gives a clear definition of cloud-native:

• Container packaged: This means a standard way to package applications that is resource-efficient. By using a standard container format, more applications can be densely packed.
• Dynamically managed: This means a standard way to discover, deploy, and scale up and down containerized applications.
• Microservices-oriented: This means a method to decompose the application into modular, independent services that interact through well-defined service contracts.

12. What is meant by edge computing?

Edges and clouds are complementary. These are both parts of a broader concept called the distributed cloud. A majority of those pursuing edge computing strategies are now viewing edge computing as part of their overall cloud strategy.

Edge computing, unlike cloud computing, is all about physical location and issues related to latency. Cloud and edge combine the strengths of a centralized system with the advantages of distributed operations at the physical location where things and people connect. In IoT scenarios, the edge is very common. The cloud is different from the edge in that it has never been about location. As opposed, it has always been about the independence of location.

The popular scenarios are where you have cloud and edge together, and the cloud provider controls and defines the architecture for what is out at the edge.

13. What is an API Gateway?

An API gateway allows multiple APIs to act together as a single gateway to provide a uniform experience to the user. In this way, each API call is processed reliably. The API gateway manages the APIs centrally and provides enterprise-grade security. Common tasks of the API services can be handled by the API gateway. These tasks include services like statistics, rate limiting, and user authentication.

14. What do you mean by rate-limiting?

Rate-limiting is a way to limit network traffic. Rate-limiting runs within the app rather than the server. It typically tracks the IP addresses and the time between each request.

It can eliminate certain suspicious and malicious activities. Bots that impact a website can also be stopped by rate-limiting. This protects against API overuse, which is important to prevent. 

15. What do you mean by encapsulation in cloud computing?

A container is packaged software code along with all of its dependencies so that it can run consistently across clouds and on-premises. This packaging up of code is often called encapsulation. Encapsulating code is important for developers, as they don’t have to develop code based on each individual environment.

16. What are the different Datacenters deployed for Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is made up of various data centers put together in grid form. It consists of data centers like:

• Containerized Data Centers
• Low-Density Data Centers

17. What are Containerized Data Centers?

Containerized Data Centers are the traditional data centers that allow a high level of customization with servers, mainframes, and other resources. These require planning, cooling, networking, and power to access and work.

18. What are Low-Density Data Centers?

Low-Density Data Centers are optimized to give high performance. The space constraint is being removed and there is an increased density in these data centers. One drawback it has is that, with high density, the heat issue also creeps in. These data centers are quite suitable for developing the cloud infrastructure.

19. What are some issues with Cloud Computing?

Following are some of the issues of cloud computing:

• Security Issues: As it would be in any other computing paradigms, security is as much of a concern as Cloud computing. Cloud Computing is vaguely defined as the outsourcing of services, which in turn causes users to lose significant control over their data. With the public Cloud, there is also a risk of seizure associated.
• Legal and Compliance Issues: Sometimes, clouds are bound by geographical boundaries. The provision of different services is not location-dependent. Because of this flexibility, Clouds face Legal & Compliance issues. Though these issues affect end-users, they are mainly related to vendors.
• Performance and Quality of Service (QoS) Related Issues: Paradigm performance is of utmost importance for any computing. The quality of service (QoS) varies as user requirements may vary. One of the critical quality-of-service-related issues is the optimized way in which commercial success can be achieved using cloud computing. If a provider is unable to deliver the promised QoS, it may tarnish its reputation. One faces the issue of Memory and Licensing constraints, which directly hamper the performance of a system. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) deals with the provision of software on virtualized resources.
• Data Management Issues: An important use case of cloud computing is to put almost the entire data on the cloud with minimum infrastructure requirements for end-users. The main problems related to data management are scalability of data, storage of data, data migration from one cloud to another, and also different architectures for resource access. It is of utmost importance to manage these data effectively, as data in Cloud computing also includes highly confidential information.

20. How does Resource Replication take place in Cloud Computing?

Resource Replication is the creation of multiple instances of the same IT resource. It is typically performed when an IT resource’s availability and performance are needed to be enhanced. The virtualization technology is adopted to implement the resource replication mechanism in order to replicate the cloud-based IT resources.

Conclusion:

Cloud computing is completely based on the Internet. It is the next stage in the evolution of the Internet. Cloud computing uses the cloud, which provides the means to deliver services whenever and wherever the user needs them. Enterprises use cloud computing to provide solutions to the needs of their customers, partners, and providers.

Cloud computing includes partners, vendors, and business leaders as the three major contributors. The vendors provide applications and their related technology, infrastructure, hardware, and integration. The partners offer cloud services and provide support services to the customers. The business leaders evaluate the cloud service provided by the partners. 
Cloud computing enables enterprises to treat their resources as a pool and not as independent resources. 

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